For and since / When...? and How long...?

For , since , when , how long ... ?

เราใช้ for กับ since สำหรับบอกว่าสิ่งหนึ่งๆเกิดขึ้นมานานเท่าไหร่แล้ว

เราใช้ for + ช่วงของเวลา (เช่น two hours , six weeks etc.): I've been waiting for two hours. for two hours 20 minutes five days a long time six months 50 years a week ages years Sally has been working here for six months ( ไม่ใช่ since six months) I haven't seen tom for three days.

เราใช้ since + เวลาเริ่มต้น ( 8 o'clock, Monday, 1999 etc.): I've been waiting since 8 o'clock. since 8 o'clock Monday 12 May April 2001 Christmas lunchtime we arrived I got up Sally has been working here since April (= from April until now) I have't seen Tom since Monday.

บางครั้งเราก็สามารถที่จะไม่ใส่ for ในประโยคก็ได้ (แต่จะไม่ละไว้ ถ้าประโยคเป็นรูปปฏิเสธ)

They've been married (for) ten years. ( ใส่หรือไม่ใส่ก็ได้)

They haven't had a holiday for ten years. (ต้องมี for)

แต่เราจะไม่ใช้ for + all (all day / all my life etc.):

I've lived here all my life. (ไม่ใช่ for all my life)

เราสามารถใช้ in แทน for ในประโยคปฏิเสธ (I haven't ... etc.):

They haven't had a holiday in ten years. ( = for ten years)

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เปรียบเทียบ when ... ? (+ past simple) และ how long... ? (+ present perfect):

A: When did it start raining? B: It started raining an hour ago / at 1 o'clock. A: How long has it been raining? B: It's been raining for an hour / since 1 o'clock.

A: When did Joe and Carol first meet? B: They first met { a long time ago. / when they were at school. } A: How long have they know each other? B: They've know each other { for a long time. / since they were at school.

เราใช้

It's ( = It is) หรือ It's been (= It has been)

a long time six months (etc.)

since something happened

It's two years since I last saw Joe. หรือ It's been two years since...
(= I haven't seen Joe for two years)

It's ages since we went to the cinema. หรือ It's been ages since...
(= We haven't been to the cinema for ages)

How long is it since Mrs Hill died? หรือ How long has it been since ... ?
(= When did Mrs Hill die?)

แบบฝึกหัด

Write for or since.

• 1 It's been raining    lunchtime.

• 2 Sarah has lived in Paris    1995.

• 3 Paul has lived in Brazil    ten years.

• 4 I'm tired of waiting. We've been sitting here    an hour.

• 5 Kevin has been looking for a job    he left school.

• 6 I haven't been to a party    ages.

• 7 I wonder where Joe is. I haven't seen him    last week.

• 8 Jane is away. She's been away    Friday.

• 9 The weather is dry. It hasn't rained    a few weeks.

•     

Write questions with How long and when

• 1 It's raining.
  (how long ?)   
  (when?)   
  

• 2 Kate is learning Japanese.
  (how long / learn ?)   
  (when / start?)   
  

• 3 I know Simon.
  (how long / you / know?)   
  (when / you / first / meet ?)   
  

• 4 Rebecca and David are married.
  (how long ?)   
  (when?)   
  

•     

Read the situations and complete the sentences.

• 1 It's raining. It's been raining since lunchtime. It    at lunch time.

• 2 Ann and Jess are friends. They first met years ago. They've    years.

• 3 Mark is ill. He became ill on Sunday. He has    Sunday.

• 4 Mark is ill. He became ill a few days ago. He has    a few days.

• 5 Sarah is married. She's been married for a year. She got   

• 6 You have a headache. It started when you woke up.
  I've    I woke up.

• 7 Sue has been in Italy for the last three weeks.
  She went   

• 8 You're working in a hotel. You started six months ago.
  I've   

•     

Write B's sentences using the words in brackets.

• 1 A: Do you often go on holiday?
  B: No,    five years.

• 2 A: Do you often see Laura?
  B: No, I    about a month.

• 3 A: Do you often go to the cinema?
  B: No ,    a long time.

• 4 A: Do you often eat in restaurants?
  B: No,    ages.

• Now write B's answer again. This time use It's.... since... .

• 5 (1)   

• 6 (2) No, it's   

• 7 (3) No,   

• 8 (4)   

•