อย่าใช้ present perfect (I hvae done) เมื่อเรามีเรื่องของเวลาที่เสร็จสิ้นเข้ามาเกี่ยวข้อง (yesterday / ten minutes ago / in 2005 / when I was a child). แต่ให้ใช้ past tense.
It was very cold yesterday. ( ไม่ใช่ has been)
Paul and Lucy arrived ten minutes ago. (ไม่ใช่ have arrived )
Did you eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? (ไม่ใช่ have you eaten)
| Sarah is looking for her hey. She can't find it. She has lost her key. ()present perfect) หมายความว่า ณ ตอนนี้ เซร่ายังไมมีกุญแจอยู่ในมือ (has lost) |
สิบนาทีต่อมา
| Now Sarah has found her key. She has it now. Has she lost her key? No, she has found it. Did she lose her key? Yes, she did. She lost her key (past simple) but now she has found it. (present perfect) |
Present perfect(something has happened) ท้ายที่สุดก็คือ present tense ที่บอกถึงเหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน 'Sarah has lost her key' = เซร่าไม่มีกุญแจอยู่ในมือ ณ เวลานี้ (กุญแจหาย)
เราใช้ for กับ since สำหรับบอกว่าสิ่งหนึ่งๆเกิดขึ้นมานานเท่าไหร่แล้ว
เราใช้ for + ช่วงของเวลา (เช่น two hours , six weeks etc.): I've been waiting for two hours. 
for
Sally has been working here for six months ( ไม่ใช่ since six months) I haven't seen tom for three days. | เราใช้ since + เวลาเริ่มต้น ( 8 o'clock, Monday, 1999 etc.): I've been waiting since 8 o'clock. 
since
Sally has been working here since April (= from April until now) I have't seen Tom since Monday. |
บางครั้งเราก็สามารถที่จะไม่ใส่ for ในประโยคก็ได้ (แต่จะไม่ละไว้ ถ้าประโยคเป็นรูปปฏิเสธ)
They've been married (for) ten years. ( ใส่หรือไม่ใส่ก็ได้)
They haven't had a holiday for ten years. (ต้องมี for)
แต่เราจะไม่ใช้ for + all (all day / all my life etc.):
I've lived here all my life. (ไม่ใช่ for all my life)
เราสามารถใช้ in แทน for ในประโยคปฏิเสธ (I haven't ... etc.):
They haven't had a holiday in ten years. ( = for ten years)
เปรียบเทียบ when ... ? (+ past simple) และ how long... ? (+ present perfect):
| A: When did it start raining? B: It started raining an hour ago / at 1 o'clock. A: How long has it been raining? B: It's been raining for an hour / since 1 o'clock. |
| A: When did Joe and Carol first meet? B: They first met { a long time ago. / when they were at school. } A: How long have they know each other? B: They've know each other { for a long time. / since they were at school. |
เราใช้
It's ( = It is) | a long time six months (etc.) | since something happened |
It's two years since I last saw Joe. หรือ It's been
two years since...
(= I haven't seen Joe for two years)
It's ages since we went to the cinema. หรือ It's been
ages since...
(= We haven't been to the cinema for ages)
How long is it since Mrs Hill died? หรือ How long has
it been since ... ?
(= When did Mrs Hill die?)
1 It's been raining lunchtime.
2 Sarah has lived in Paris 1995.
3 Paul has lived in Brazil ten years.
4 I'm tired of waiting. We've been sitting here an hour.
5 Kevin has been looking for a job he left school.
6 I haven't been to a party ages.
7 I wonder where Joe is. I haven't seen him last week.
8 Jane is away. She's been away Friday.
9 The weather is dry. It hasn't rained a few weeks.
1 It's raining.
(how long ?)
(when?)
2 Kate is learning Japanese.
(how long / learn ?)
(when /
start?)
3 I know Simon.
(how long / you / know?)
(when
/ you / first / meet ?)
4 Rebecca and David are married.
(how long ?)
(when?)
1 It's raining. It's been raining since lunchtime. It at lunch time.
2 Ann and Jess are friends. They first met years ago. They've years.
3 Mark is ill. He became ill on Sunday. He has Sunday.
4 Mark is ill. He became ill a few days ago. He has a few days.
5 Sarah is married. She's been married for a year. She got
6 You have a headache. It started when you woke up.
I've
I woke up.
7 Sue has been in Italy for the last three weeks.
She
went
8 You're working in a hotel. You started six months ago.
I've
1 A: Do you often go on holiday?
B: No, five
years.
2 A: Do you often see Laura?
B: No, I
about a month.
3 A: Do you often go to the cinema?
B: No ,
a long time.
4 A: Do you often eat in restaurants?
B: No,
ages.
Now write B's answer again. This time use It's.... since... .
5 (1)
6 (2) No, it's
7 (3) No,
8 (4)
พิจารณาตัวอย่างต่อไปนี้
| Dan and Jenny are married. They got married exactly 20 years ago, so today is their 20th wedding anniversary. They have been married for 20 years . We say: They are married. ( present ) แต่ How long have they been married? ( present perfect ) ( ไม่ใช่ How long are they married?) They have been married for 20 years. (ไม่ใช่ They are married for 20 years.) |
(I have been doing and I have done)
พิจารณาตัวอย่างต่อไปนี้
| 
|
จากรูป มีสีติดอยู่บนเสื้อผ้าของเดวิด |
It has been raining
พิจารณาเหตุการณ์ต่อไปนี้
| Is it raining? No, but the ground is wet. It has been raining. Have / has been - ing คือ present perfect continuous
|
พิจารณาตัวอย่างต่อไปนี้
Dave : Have you travelled a lot, Jane?
Jane :
Yes, I've been to lots of places.
Dave: Really ? Have
you ever been to China?
Jane: Yes, I've been to
China twice.
Dave : What about India?
Jane : No, Ihaven't
been to India.
เมื่อเราพูดถึงสิ่งต่างๆที่มีระยะเวลาเข้ามาเกี่ยวข้อง จากอดีต จนถึงปัจจุบัน เราใช้ presnet perfect (have been / have travelled etc.). ดังในตัวอย่างนี้ที่ Dave และ Jane กำลังคุยกันกับที่ที่ Jane เคยไปเที่ยวมา ซึ่งก็คือประสบการณ์หนึ่งๆของ Jane มันยังติดตัว Jane มาจนถึง ณ ตอนนี้ (ปัจจุบัน)
ตัวอย่างเพิ่มเติม
Have you ever eaten caviar? (เคยกินไข่ปลาคาเวียร์ไหม?)
We've never had a car.
'Have you read Hamlet? 'No , I haven't read any of Shakespeare's plays.'
Susan really loves that film. She's seen it eight times!