พิจารณาตัวอย่างต่อไปนี้
เมื่อใดทีเราใช้รูป'someting has happened' , โดยที่ไปแล้วจะหมายถึงสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นใหม่ เช่น
Ow! I've cut my finger.(โอ้ย ! มีดบาดนิ้ว)
The road is closed. There's been(there has been) an accident. (ถนนถูกปิด เพราะเพิ่งเกิดอุบัติเหตุ (มาซักพัก หรือเพิ่งเกิดสดๆร้อน) )
(from the news) Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery. ( จากข่าว : ตอนี้ตำรวจจับมือขโมยได้แล้ว )
เมื่อเราใช้ present perfect เหตุการณ์ได้เกิดขึ้นแล้ว แต่ว่ายังสงผลมาถึงปัจจุบัน
'Where's your key?' 'I don't know. I've lost it.' (= I don't have it now)
He told me his name, but I've forgotten it. (= I can't remember it now)
'Is Sally here?' 'No, she's gone out.' (= she is out now)
I can't find my bag. Have you seen it? (= Do you know where it is now?)
พิจารณา ความแตกต่างระหว่า gone ( to ) และ been (t o )
James is on holiday. He has gone to Italy. (= he is there now or on his way there ไปอิตตาลีแล้ว ซึ่งอาจจะกำลังบืนอยู่ หรือว่าถึงแล้วก็ได้ เราไม่รู้)
Jane is back home now. She has been to Italy (= she has now come back)
เราสามารถใช้ present perfect กับ just , alreadyand yet
Just = a short time ago ( เมื่อกี้นี่เอง , ตะกี้เนี๊ยะ )
'Are you hungry?' 'No, I 've just had lunch.'
Hello, Have you just arrived ?
เราใช้ already กับเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นเร็วกว่าที่คิดไว้
'Don't forget to pay your electricity bill.' 'I've already paid it.' ( 'อย่าลืมไปจ่ายค่าไฟนะ' 'เพิ่งจ่ายมาตะกี้นี้เอง' )
'What time is Mark leaving?' 'He's already left
Yet = until now. ( ยัง , ยังเลย). Yet แสดงให้เห็นว่าผู้พูด พูดในสิ่งที่คิดว่ามันจะเกิดขึ้น. Yet จะใช้ในประโยคคำถาม และปฏิเสธ
Has it stopped raining yet?
I've written the emai, but I haven't sent it yet.
คุณสามารถใช้ past simple (did , went, had. etc.) .ในตัวอย่างที่ยกมาข้างบน เช่น
'Is Sally here?' 'No, she went out.' หรือ 'No, she's gone out.'
'Are you hungry?' 'No, I just had lunch.' หรือ 'No , I've just had lunch.'
แบบฝึกหัด
เลือกคำไปเติมประโยค ให้อยู่ในรูป present perfect
arrive | break | fall | go up | grow | improve | lose |
1 Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. Tom
2 Lisa can't walk and her leg is in plaster. Lisa
3 Last week the bus fare was $1.80. Now it is $2. The bus fare
4 Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is better. Her English
5 Dan didn't have a beard before. Now he has a beard. Dan
6 This morning I was expecting a lettter. Now I have it. The letter
7 The temperature was 20 degree. Now it is only 12. The
Put in been or gone
1 James is on holiday. to Italy.
2 Hello! I've just to the shops. I've bought lots of things.
3 Alice isn't there at the mment. She's to the shop to get a newspaper.
4 Tom has out. He'll be back in about an hour
5 'Are you going to the bank?' 'No, I've already to the bank.'
เติมประโยคต่อไปนี้ให้ B
1 A: Would you like something to eat ?
B: No, thanks. .
(I / just / have / lunch)2 A: Do you know where Julia is?
B: Yes,
( I / just / see / her)3 A: What time is David leaving?
B: (he / already / leave )
4 A: What's in the newspaper today?
B: I don't know
( I / not / read / it yet)5 A: Is Sue coming to the cinema with us?
B: No,
(she / already / see /the film)6 A: Are your friends here yet?
B: Yes ,
(they / just / arrive)7 A: What does Tim think about your plan?
B:
(we / not / tell him yet)
จากเหตุการณ์ต่อไปนี้ เติมคำลงในช่องว่างโดยใช้ just , already หรือ yet.
1 After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, "Would you like something to eat ?'
You say: No thank you. . (have lunch)2 Joe goes out. Five minutes later , the phone rings and the caller says, 'Can I speak to Joe?'
You say: I'm afraid . (go out)3 You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.
You say: Wait a minute! .(not / finish)4 You plan to eat at a restaurant tonight. You phoned to reserve a table. Later you friend says, 'Shall I phone to reserve a table ?'
You say: No, .(do it)5 You know that a friend of yors is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful.
Ask her . You say: ? (find)6 You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, 'Where are you going for your holiday?
You say: (not / decide)7 Linda went shopping, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, 'Is Lindy still out shopping?'
You say : No , (come back)
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